What Is ESDM?
The Early Start Denver Model is a therapy designed specifically for children aged 1 to 5 years old, making it a highly regarded approach for early intervention. Developed by researchers Sally Rogers and Geraldine Dawson, ESDM takes the principles of ABA and incorporates developmental and relationship-based strategies to teach skills through play and social interactions.
Recognised as an evidence-based intervention, ESDM has been shown to improve language, cognitive, social, and adaptive skills. Studies also suggest that the skills gained through ESDM are often sustained long-term, reducing the need for future therapy.
Key Features of ESDM
- Play-Based Learning
ESDM transforms learning into fun, engaging activities. Through Joint Activity Routines (JARs), therapists and children share games, songs, and activities that are meaningful and enjoyable. These routines encourage children to participate actively, fostering skill development in a natural and relaxed way. - Individualised Approach
No two children are the same, and ESDM recognises this. Each child’s therapy plan is tailored to their unique strengths, needs, and interests, ensuring that their developmental goals are achievable and relevant. - Natural Reinforcement
Learning is driven by what naturally excites and interests the child. By focusing on activities and rewards that align with a child’s preferences, therapists keep children motivated and engaged. - Relationship-Focused
ESDM emphasises the importance of relationships in learning. By building trust and strong connections, the therapy extends beyond sessions, helping children learn in their daily lives and relationships. - Family Involvement
Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in ESDM. The therapy includes equipping families with strategies to support their child’s development at home, empowering them to feel confident and involved in their child’s progress.
What Happens in an ESDM Session?
An ESDM session is far from a conventional learning environment. Instead, it’s an interactive and playful experience. Here’s what you can expect:
- Child-Led Play: Sessions begin with what interests your child, observed by the therapist. From there, they build activities together, letting your child’s natural curiosity guide the learning process.
- Shared Activities: Therapists engage your child in games or routines that involve two or more people. This collaborative approach encourages turn-taking, joint attention, and communication.
- Embedded Teaching: Teaching opportunities are woven seamlessly into play. For example, a simple game of stacking blocks might include teaching on labelling, colours, numbers, or taking turns.
- Celebrating Progress: Every small achievement is celebrated, making learning a positive experience for your child.
How Does ESDM Compare to Traditional ABA?
While ESDM is based on ABA, it takes a more naturalistic and flexible approach compared to traditional methods like Discrete Trial Training (DTT). Instead of using structured, repetitive drills, ESDM focuses on teaching in the moment, through activities that are meaningful to the child. This not only makes learning enjoyable but also helps children generalise their skills to real-world settings.
Unlike traditional ABA approaches that often rely on external rewards, ESDM emphasises intrinsic motivation, helping children find joy and value in social interactions and learning itself. Similar to ABA, ESDM incorporates repeated practice and clear goals, but these are seamlessly embedded in play-based and child-led activities rather than adult-directed tasks. This ensures that while the learning is focused and goal-oriented, it remains engaging, natural, and aligned with the child’s interests.
Learn more about the difference between ESDM and ABA.
The Science Behind ESDM
Extensive research supports the effectiveness of the Early Start Denver Model. Here are some highlights:
- A 2010 study published in Pediatrics showed that children receiving ESDM made significant improvements in language, cognition, and social skills compared to those in community care.
- Follow-up studies have demonstrated that these developmental gains are often sustained over time, reducing the need for additional services later.
- Research also suggests that ESDM impacts brain activity, improving how children process faces and objects.
Why Choose ESDM for Your Child?
The Early Start Denver Model provides a comprehensive approach to supporting young children with autism and developmental delays. It combines the best elements of behavioural, developmental, and relationship-based therapies to create a program that’s:
- Fun and engaging
- Tailored to your child’s needs
- Grounded in evidence-based research
- Designed to build lasting skills
Where Can ESDM Be Delivered?
ESDM is flexible and can be delivered in various settings, including:
- At home
- In clinics
- In schools
- In group or one-on-one sessions
This adaptability ensures that therapy fits seamlessly into your child’s routine.
Want to Learn More?
For parents interested in diving deeper, consider the following resources:
- Books: An Early Start for Your Child with Autism by Sally Rogers, Geraldine Dawson, and Laurie Vismara.
- Online Videos: Help is in Your Hands, a free series by the UC Davis Mind Institute, offers valuable insights into ESDM principles and practices.
The Early Start Denver Model offers more than therapy, it provides a pathway for children to thrive through play, connection, and learning. Early intervention can make a world of difference, and with ESDM, you can feel confident that your child is receiving compassionate, effective support.
